Bones, Joints, and Muscles Disorders

Bones, Joints, and Muscles

Bones, Joints, and Muscles describe the anatomy and structural organization of living cells and tissues.

Bones, joints, and muscles are all parts of our bodies that help us move around.

The Bones and Joints study is a comprehensive vitamin D3 deficiency survey, looking at the bones, joints, and muscles.

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Heel Injuries and Disorders

Heel Injuries and Disorders

Heel injuries are one of the most common injuries in athletes, with about 20 percent of all running injuries being heel related. It's also very dynamic, meaning that it has to move a lot during running, which can make it susceptible to injury.

Causes:

• Landing on your heels after a jump or high-energy movement may cause you to twist your ankle or knee inwards (positive ankle valgus) or outwards (positive knee varus).

• Landing on your heels after running in deep sand may cause you to twist your ankle inward (positive ankle varus) or outward (positive knee varus).

• Landing on your heels after running downhill may cause you to twist your ankle inward (positive ankle valgus) or outward (positive knee varus).

The heel is one of the most important parts of your body. It supports your entire weight and keeps you upright. There are two bones in the heel: the calcaneus (heel bone), which is made up of six parts, and the talus, which is a small bone at the base of your foot.

Heel pain can be caused by injury, arthritis, or other conditions that affect your bones and joints. Heel injuries can increase your risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA).

If you think you have a heel injury or OA, see your doctor for diagnosis and treatment. The sooner you treat a heel injury, the better you'll feel.

Dwarfism

Also called: little person

Dwarfism is a condition that causes a person to have abnormally short stature. A dwarf may be born with a genetic defect or may develop the condition at any age.

There are two types of dwarfism:

Mildly affected: The individual has a growth hormone deficiency, which causes their bones to stop growing around age 18. They may reach 4 feet (1.2 meters) tall or less.

Severely affected: The individual has a growth hormone deficiency, which causes their bones to stop growing around age 6 and they have significant deformities of the spine, ribs, hips, and knees as well as other abnormalities. The individual may be able to live into their 60s or 70s but usually dies before reaching 30 to 40 years age due to heart disease or respiratory problems associated with shortness of breath while lying down (pulmonary stenosis).

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Knee Injuries and Disorders

The knee is a complex joint. It consists of the patella (kneecap), the femur (thighbone), and the tibia (shinbone). The knee has a large range of motion, which is why it's used for such diverse activities as walking, running, jumping, and kicking. However, when the knee moves in an abnormal manner it can lead to injuries.

The major ligaments and muscles that connect these bones are as follows:

Patella: This ligament connects the kneecap to the tibia bone in your leg. It helps stabilize your knee during movement and assists in weight bearing.

Tibialis anterior: This muscle runs along the front of your shinbone and helps extend it upward during walking and running.

Femoral condyle: The femoral condyle is located just above your knee cap where it meets the top of your tibia bone. It sits on top of ligaments that help maintain stability during movement.

The knee is a hinge joint. The knee consists of a large femur (thigh bone) with a large patella (kneecap), a smaller tibia (shinbone), and two small sesamoids. The knee joint is surrounded by several ligaments, including the medial collateral ligament (medial collateral ligament) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).

The patella is attached to the quadriceps tendon on the front of the femur. This allows the kneecap to move backward and forward when you bend your knee. When you straighten your leg again, the quadriceps muscles contract causing your quadriceps tendon to pull against one of its attachment sites on the patella causing it to slide forward toward your shinbone. The ACL is found in the back part of each thigh between the tibia and fibula bones. It helps keep your knees from buckling when you jump or run quickly.

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Amputation

Amputation is the surgical removal of one or more limbs. Amputation can be performed to save a limb from gangrene, infection, or arthritis. Amputations are often performed to remove limbs damaged by trauma, but they may also be performed for other reasons.

Amputation is usually performed in a hospital operating room. The amputated limb will be taken to the operating room and placed under sterile conditions. If there is no longer a blood supply to the limb, it will be cooled with ice packs or frozen in liquid nitrogen.

The area around the surgery site will be sprayed with an antiseptic solution before incisions are made using a scalpel blade or scissors. The incision will then be cut through tissue and skin down to the bone, forming a flap of tissue that covers the wound underneath it. This flap of skin will grow back together after surgery and protect it while healing takes place inside your body at home over time.

Ankle Injuries and Disorders

An ankle injury or disorder can be hard to predict, but it's usually an injury that's not caused by a specific event.

The most common ankle injuries are sprains and strains. A sprain is a tear in the ligaments that support the ankle joint. A strain is a tearing of muscles or tendons in the ankle. Sprains and strains take time to heal and may require surgery if they're severe enough to affect your ability to walk or run.

A dislocated ankle is when one or more of your ankle joints comes out of their normal position, causing pain and instability. This can occur when you twist your foot while walking or running, land on something hard, fall on an outstretched leg or twist too far while climbing stairs.

The human ankle is made up of three bones: the tibia (shin), fibula (the smallest bone of the leg, located between the knee and ankle, and connected to the tibia by a thin bone called the peroneal), and talus. The talus is a large bone at the bottom of your foot.

The ankle is designed to allow you to bring your foot up and down in a controlled manner. 

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Ankylosing Spondylitis

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a long-term inflammatory disease that causes inflammation and pain in the spine, pelvis, and sacroiliac joints (where the hip bones join). AS affects about one in 100 people in the United States. The disease can be difficult to diagnose because it may have no symptoms or mild symptoms.

Some people with AS have only one or two symptoms of the disease. Others may have more severe symptoms. Symptoms include:

Pain in your lower back and/or buttock area (hip)

Swelling in your hands and/or feet

Stiffness in your joints

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Anterior cruciate ligament injury is one of the most common injuries in sports. An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the major stabilizing ligament in your knee. The ACL prevents your femur bone from sliding forward and backward. It helps to keep your leg stable and straight when you run or jump.

The ACL helps to stabilize your knee joint, but it can be injured if you do not use proper form while running or jumping. When this happens, you can twist or turn your knee inward or outward causing pain and possible joint damage if it is not treated soon enough.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a major ligament in the knee that connects the femur to the tibia. The ACL is a semirigid structure composed of type I collagen and elastin fibers. The ACL allows for forwarding and backward movement of the tibia relative to the femur.

An ACL injury occurs when there is an injury to the ligament from external forces, usually from a direct blow or twisting of the legs together. It often happens in sports such as soccer, football, basketball, and ice hockey.

The ACL can also be torn by a fall onto an outstretched leg or by landing on one leg while jumping off a curb or stairs. Other causes include sudden changes in direction, such as when running straight downstairs rather than around them; jumping off a curb or diving into shallow water with poor form; falling on uneven surfaces; being hit by another person; and being struck by an object like a bat or ball.

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Arm Injuries and Disorders

Injury to the arm is usually caused by a fall or a mechanical injury. The most common injuries to the arms are sprains, strains, fractures, and dislocations. Many of these injuries can be treated non-surgically using physical therapy and rehabilitation. Surgery may be necessary if there is a fracture or dislocation of the bone.

Sprains

A sprain is an injury which involves twisting or bending of a ligament, tendon or muscle. It is important to treat a sprain as soon as possible because it can lead to serious long-term problems if not treated properly.

Strains

A strain is an injury involving damage to one of the muscle fibers in your body called tendons that attach muscles to bones. Strains come in two types: high-grade strains and low-grade strains. High-grade strains are more serious than low-grade strains because they may cause permanent damage or even death if left untreated. Most strains heal on their own within 6 weeks without medical intervention but some may take longer depending on their severity.

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Conclusions:

There are many different types of bones, joints, and muscles disorders that can affect people of all ages. Some of these conditions are painful and debilitating, while others may only cause mild discomfort. However, all of these disorders can be managed with the help of a qualified medical professional. If you think you may have a bones, joints, or muscles disorder, don't hesitate to reach out to your doctor for an evaluation.

There are a wide variety of bones, joints, and muscles disorders that can affect people of all ages. Some of these disorders are more common than others, but all can be debilitating and cause a great deal of pain. If you suspect that you may have a bones, joints, or muscles disorder, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible so that you can get the treatment you need.